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Current Trends in Clinico-Bacteriological Profile and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern in Active Chronic
Monika Sammal1, Bhawana Pant1, Nidhi Negi2
1Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Government Doon Medical College, Dehradun, IND.
Introduction:
Otitis media is defined as inflammation of the middle ear due to any cause that may also involve any contiguous pneumatized portion of the temporal bone. It is also one of the most common diseases of childhood after viral upper respiratory tract infection. As a result of the widespread availability of over-the-counter topical antibiotics and the irrational use of these agents, there is a development of multidrug-resistant bacteria.
Aim:
The aim of this study was to assess the current bacteriological profile and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern in clinically diagnosed cases of active chronic otitis media (COM) at a tertiary care center in Uttarakhand.
Materials And Methods:
The proposed observational cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery and Department of Microbiology of Government Doon Medical College Hospital, Dehradun, over a period of 18 months from August 2022 to January 2024. One hundred and thirty-seven cases of active COM fulfilling the inclusion criteria were recruited in the study. Under strict aseptic conditions, pus samples were collected from the middle ear using two sterile cotton swabs under microscopic examination and sent to the microbiology lab for pathogen identification and isolation. The isolated organisms were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing using VITEK-2 as per the latest Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Results: In the present study, the most common age group affected by COM was between 18 and 30 years with female predominance. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (33.6%) was the predominantly isolated organism followed by Staphylococcus aureus (17.8%). Considering the antibiotic susceptibility, Pseudomonas aeruginosa was susceptible to piperacillin/tazobactam and meropenem while least sensitive to levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin. Staphylococcus aureus was susceptible to linezolid, daptomycin, and vancomycin. The maximum resistance of Staphylococcus aureus was observed to ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin.
Conclusion:
The study of changing clinico-bacteriological profile and antibiotic susceptibility pattern in cases of COM due to variations in the geography and environment of the study population can help to guide appropriate antibiotic treatment and thus prevent the development of multidrug-resistant bacteria.
Insights
This study identified Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus as the most common bacteria causing chronic otitis media (COM). It highlights their susceptibility patterns to guide effective antibiotic treatment and combat antimicrobial resistance.
Area of Science:
- Otolaryngology
- Microbiology
- Infectious Diseases
Background:
- Otitis media is a common middle ear inflammation, particularly in children.
- Irrational antibiotic use contributes to multidrug-resistant bacteria.
- Understanding local resistance patterns is crucial for effective treatment.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the current bacteriological profile of chronic otitis media (COM).
- To assess antimicrobial susceptibility patterns in Uttarakhand.
- To inform appropriate antibiotic strategies for COM.
Main Methods:
- An observational cross-sectional study involving 137 active COM cases.
- Middle ear pus samples were collected and analyzed microbiologically.
- Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using VITEK-2.
Main Results:
- The most affected age group was 18-30 years, with a female predominance.
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa (33.6%) was the most frequent isolate, followed by Staphylococcus aureus (17.8%).
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed susceptibility to piperacillin/tazobactam and meropenem, while Staphylococcus aureus was susceptible to linezolid, daptomycin, and vancomycin.
Conclusions:
- The study provides essential data on the evolving bacteriological landscape of COM in Uttarakhand.
- Findings emphasize the need for updated antibiotic susceptibility data to guide treatment.
- Monitoring these patterns is vital for preventing the spread of multidrug-resistant organisms.
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