An Uncommon Cause of Acute Heart Failure: A Case Report

Hypereosinophilic syndromes (HES) comprise a group of rare disorders characterized by persistent blood eosinophilia, accompanied by eosinophil-associated organ damage. Nearly every organ can be affected, with the skin, lungs, heart, and gastrointestinal tract being the most common. Unspecific presenting symptoms hinder timely management, facilitating disease progression. Treatment is aimed at the underlying disease, reducing disease progression and controlling symptoms. We present the case of a 39-year-old female admitted with an acute venous thromboembolic event who developed acute hypereosinophilic-related heart failure and encephalopathy. After a thorough investigation, the diagnosis of idiopathic HES with multiorgan involvement was established, and the patient was medicated with high-dose corticosteroids, resulting in a good clinical and laboratory response. Due to non-compliance with medical treatment, disease progression culminated in death. This case highlights the multiorgan involvement in HES and the importance of treatment adherence for these patients.