Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2025

Scanning Electron Microscopy of Macerated Tissue to Visualize the Extracellular Matrix
10:21

Scanning Electron Microscopy of Macerated Tissue to Visualize the Extracellular Matrix

Published on: June 14, 2016

10.0K

Subclinical Myocardial Fibrosis in South African Youth With HIV: Results From the CTAAC-Heart Study

Jennifer Jao1, Heather J Zar2, Morné Kahts3,4

  • 1Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Division of Adult Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

Open Forum Infectious Diseases
|October 17, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Youth with HIV on antiretroviral therapy show increased subclinical myocardial fibrosis. This highlights the need for early cardiovascular disease screening and monitoring in this population.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Limited data exist on myocardial fibrosis and inflammation in youth with HIV.
  • Cardiovascular complications are a growing concern in this demographic.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess subclinical myocardial fibrosis and inflammation in South African youth with HIV undergoing antiretroviral therapy (ART) using cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR).
  • To compare cardiac outcomes between youth with perinatally acquired HIV (YPHIV), youth with nonperinatally acquired HIV (YNPHIV), and HIV-seronegative youth.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging was performed on 464 youth (287 YPHIV, 87 YNPHIV, 90 HIV-seronegative).
  • Quantile regression models assessed associations between HIV status and CMR outcomes, including late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) for fibrosis and T1/T2 mapping for inflammation.
  • Key outcomes measured were LGE mass and fraction, native T1, and T2 mapping values.

Main Results:

  • Youth with HIV (both YPHIV and YNPHIV) exhibited significantly higher LGE mass and LGE fraction compared to HIV-seronegative youth.
  • Native T1 values were highest in the YNPHIV group, suggesting potential differences in myocardial tissue characteristics.
  • CMR outcomes were comparable between YPHIV and YNPHIV, indicating similar levels of subclinical fibrosis despite different acquisition routes of HIV.

Conclusions:

  • Despite ART, youth with HIV demonstrate increased subclinical myocardial fibrosis compared to their HIV-seronegative peers.
  • These findings suggest that youth with HIV may benefit from early screening and monitoring for cardiovascular disease.
  • The study underscores the importance of addressing long-term cardiovascular health in young individuals living with HIV.
Abstract

Keywords:
antiretroviralmyocardial fibrosismyocardial magnetic resonance imagingperinatally acquired HIVyouth with HIV

More Related Videos

Benefits of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy in an Asynchronous Heart Failure Model Induced by Left Bundle Branch Ablation and Rapid Pacing12:45

Benefits of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy in an Asynchronous Heart Failure Model Induced by Left Bundle Branch Ablation and Rapid Pacing

Published on: December 11, 2017

10.4K
Construction of Defined Human Engineered Cardiac Tissues to Study Mechanisms of Cardiac Cell Therapy11:51

Construction of Defined Human Engineered Cardiac Tissues to Study Mechanisms of Cardiac Cell Therapy

Published on: March 1, 2016

10.3K

Related Concept Videos

Myocarditis II: Clinical features and Diagnostic Tests01:27

Myocarditis II: Clinical features and Diagnostic Tests

Myocarditis is an inflammation of the heart muscle. The symptoms vary widely, encompassing asymptomatic presentations to severe, acute manifestations.Clinical PresentationAsymptomatic cases: In some instances, myocarditis may be asymptomatic, with the infection resolving without intervention. These cases often go undetected unless discovered incidentally through diagnostic imaging or tests conducted for other reasons.General Early Symptoms: Early symptoms of myocarditis are non-specific and can...
2
Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy01:29

Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or HCM, is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy without ventricular dilation. It is more common in men and is typically diagnosed in young, athletic adults.EtiologyHCM is primarily genetic and is caused by mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins. Researchers have identified over 1400 mutations across at least 11 different genes. Among these, the most frequently occurring mutations are found in the...
1
Myocarditis I: Introduction01:21

Myocarditis I: Introduction

Myocarditis is inflammation of the myocardium, which is the muscular layer of the heart.EtiologyMyocarditis has a diverse etiology, including a wide range of infectious and non-infectious causes:Infectious CausesViral: Common viruses include Coxsackie A and B, adenovirus, parvovirus B19, enteroviruses, and influenza A.Bacterial: Examples include infections caused by Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and Mycoplasma species.Rickettsial: Infections like Rocky Mountain spotted fever can result in...
2