Adrenocortical carcinoma in a West White Terrier: clinical and diagnostic approach

Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare condition in dogs. This type of tumor can be functional, hormone-producing, or nonfunctional. Bilateral adrenal tumors are uncommon, whereas unilateral adrenal tumors are more prevalent. Abdominal ultrasonography is crucial for detecting these lesions, which are characterized by heterogeneous parenchymal characteristics. Furthermore, elastography, a technique that assesses tissue stiffness, is useful for differentiating between malignant and benign lesions. This paper describes a case of ACC in a West Highland white terrier. The dog initially presented with dermatological changes and increased adrenal tissue stiffness, as detected by elastography. After additional examinations, including computed tomography, an adrenalectomy was successfully performed. Histopathological analysis confirmed the diagnosis of ACC. Post-surgical follow-ups included periodic ultrasonography to monitor the remaining adrenal gland. A nodular lesion was identified in the left adrenal gland during the follow-up, highlighting the importance of continuous monitoring. This case underscores the significance of an integrated approach, from the initial evaluation to the post-treatment follow-up for the effective management of ACC in dogs.