Association of Gene Variant Type and Location with Breast Cancer Risk in the General Population
Breast cancer risk varies by the location of pathogenic variants (PVs) in BRCA2. Women with PVs in BRCA2 exon 11 have lower risk and later diagnosis, impacting personalized cancer risk assessment.
Area of Science:
- Genetics
- Oncology
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Pathogenic variants (PVs) in ATM, BRCA1, BRCA2, CHEK2, and PALB2 are linked to increased breast cancer risk.
- The influence of PV type and location on breast cancer risk in general population carriers remains unclear.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate how the type and location of PVs in ATM, BRCA1, BRCA2, CHEK2, and PALB2 affect breast cancer risk.
Main Methods:
- Age-adjusted case-control association analysis was performed across population-based and clinical testing cohorts.
- PVs were categorized by type and location within genes.
- Logistic regression assessed breast cancer risks (odds ratios, 95% confidence intervals), and linear regression analyzed age at diagnosis.
Main Results:
- Compared to BRCA2 exon 11 protein-truncating variants (PTVs), PVs in BRCA2 ex13-27 and ex1-10 were associated with higher breast cancer risks.
- PVs in BRCA2 ex13-27 and ex1-10 were linked to lower rates of estrogen receptor-negative (ER-negative) breast cancer and earlier age at diagnosis.
- These findings were consistent across population-based (CARRIERS, UK Biobank) and clinical testing cohorts.
Conclusions:
- PV type and location within BRCA2, specifically exon 11, influence breast cancer risk, age at diagnosis, and ER-negative disease rates.
- These differential risks suggest that incorporating PV location into risk prediction models can enhance personalized management for BRCA2 PV carriers.
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