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Praise Is for Actions That Are Neither Expected nor Required.

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Moral praise highlights actions exceeding duties, but observers infer praised behaviors are less common and less likely to occur. This research explores lay beliefs about moral praise.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Moral Psychology
  • Social Psychology

Background:

  • Moral praise is a common social feedback mechanism.
  • Understanding the psychological underpinnings of moral praise is crucial for social interaction.
  • Existing research has not fully explored lay beliefs about what makes actions praiseworthy and what inferences observers draw from praise.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate what makes an action praiseworthy.
  • To examine what observers infer about behavior and norms when an action receives moral praise.

Main Methods:

  • Six studies were conducted to address the research questions.
  • Study 1 examined perceptions of dutiful versus supererogatory actions.
  • Studies 2-6 investigated observer inferences about the likelihood, commonality, and normativity of praised behaviors.

Main Results:

  • Actions exceeding duties were considered more praiseworthy and less likely to occur than dutiful actions.
  • While generally expecting praise to increase behavior likelihood, participants inferred praised actions were less common and less expected.
  • These inferences led participants to predict individuals would be less likely to perform a praised behavior.

Conclusions:

  • Moral praise signals that an action goes beyond duty.
  • Praise paradoxically leads observers to infer that the praised behavior is less common and less normative.
  • These findings illuminate the complex communicative function and lay interpretation of moral praise.