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Primary hemifacial spasm: anatomical insights.

Mehri Salari1, Alireza Alikhani2, Kimia Vakili3

  • 1Department of Neurology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

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|October 17, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Anatomical variations in posterior circulation vessels may predispose individuals to Hemifacial Spasm (HFS). While both sides of the face are equally affected, specific vessel differences might cause side preferences, with no clear gender predilection identified.

Keywords:
Hemifacial spasmNeurovascular compressionPosterior circulationPosterior fossaSide dominance

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Anatomy

Background:

  • Primary Hemifacial Spasm (pHFS) involves facial nerve compression by blood vessels.
  • Conflicting data exists on HFS side prevalence and a noted higher incidence in women.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate anatomical variations contributing to HFS risk.
  • To explore potential anatomical underpinnings for HFS gender and side predilections.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of PubMed articles on Hemifacial Spasm.
  • Selection of studies detailing significant anatomical differences in HFS patients.

Main Results:

  • Anatomical variances like AICA branching, PICA origin, and vertebral artery (VA) dominancy/deviation are linked to HFS.
  • Overall, HFS affects both sides of the face equally, but vessel-specific anatomical features may lead to side preferences.

Conclusions:

  • Posterior circulation anatomical variations increase HFS risk.
  • Current evidence suggests no side dominance or a left-sided tendency for HFS.
  • The anatomical basis for HFS's higher prevalence in women remains unclear, necessitating further research.