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Diet Quality, Dietary Inflammatory Potential, and Risk of Prostate Cancer Grade Reclassification.

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Adhering to dietary guidelines may lower prostate cancer progression risk in men on active surveillance. Higher Healthy Eating Index (HEI) scores were linked to reduced grade reclassification, especially to aggressive forms.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Nutritional Science
  • Urology

Background:

  • Prostate cancer grade reclassification risk during active surveillance is not fully understood in relation to diet.
  • Dietary patterns may influence cancer progression, necessitating investigation into their role in active surveillance management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the association between diet quality and dietary inflammatory potential with prostate cancer grade reclassification in men on active surveillance.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective cohort study of 886 men with Grade Group (GG) 1 prostate cancer undergoing active surveillance.
  • Dietary intake assessed via validated food frequency questionnaires, analyzed for adherence to guidelines (Healthy Eating Index - HEI) and inflammatory potential (Dietary Inflammatory Index - DII).
  • Competing risk regression used to analyze associations with grade reclassification (GG2+ and GG3+), adjusting for prognostic factors.

Main Results:

  • Higher baseline HEI and energy-adjusted HEI (E-HEI) scores were significantly associated with a lower risk of grade reclassification to GG2 or greater.
  • Higher HEI and E-HEI scores also showed a significant association with a reduced risk of extreme grade reclassification (to GG3 or greater).
  • No significant association was found between the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) or energy-adjusted DII (E-DII) and either grade reclassification outcome.

Conclusions:

  • Higher adherence to American dietary guidelines, as measured by HEI scores, may be associated with a decreased risk of prostate cancer grade reclassification in men on active surveillance.
  • These findings suggest that dietary quality, specifically adherence to general healthy eating recommendations, could play a role in managing low-risk prostate cancer.