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Everyday State Attachment: Dynamic Features and Role of Trait Attachment.

Jaakko Tammilehto1,2, Aleksandra Kaurin3, Guy Bosmans4

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This study reveals how attachment states fluctuate within individuals daily. High trait attachment anxiety and avoidance are linked to less secure and more variable attachment states in real-time.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Social Psychology
  • Attachment Theory

Background:

  • Attachment research traditionally focuses on stable individual differences (traits).
  • Understanding the dynamic, moment-to-moment fluctuations (states) of the attachment system is crucial for a comprehensive view.
  • Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) offers a method to capture within-person variability in real-time.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the associations between baseline, variability, and inertia of attachment states (security, avoidance, anxiety).
  • To examine how trait attachment (anxiety, avoidance) predicts these dynamic features of attachment states.
  • To explore the interplay between stable trait attachment and fluctuating state attachment.

Main Methods:

  • Two adult samples (N=122, N=127) participated.
  • Trait attachment was assessed using the Experiences in Close Relationships-Revised scale.
  • Attachment states were measured multiple times daily over one week using EMA, yielding over 4600 observations.

Main Results:

  • Higher baseline state security correlated with lower variability.
  • Higher baseline state avoidance correlated with higher variability.
  • Trait attachment anxiety and avoidance predicted lower baseline and higher variability of state security, and higher baselines of their respective states.

Conclusions:

  • Findings illuminate the real-time regulatory dynamics of the attachment system.
  • The study highlights the significance of baseline levels and variability in understanding attachment manifestations.
  • Results underscore the interconnectedness of trait and state attachment in everyday experiences.