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Updated: Jun 10, 2025

Multimodal Protocol for Assessing Metacognition and Self-Regulation in Adults with Learning Difficulties
Published on: September 27, 2020
Thinking about thinking: A longitudinal investigation linking developments in metacognition, inhibitory control, and
Mariel Symeonidou1, Martin J Doherty2, Josephine Ross1
1Psychology, School of Humanities, Social Sciences, and Law, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, Scotland, UK.
Abstract:
This longitudinal study tracked the developmental relations linking metacognition, theory of mind, and inhibitory control in 52 children across a 1.5-year interval, beginning at 3 or 4 years of age. Metacognition and inhibitory control emerged before theory of mind and predicted subsequent theory of mind competence. Moreover, there was evidence of developmental mediation, whereby metacognition predicted inhibitory control, which predicted theory of mind. We suggest that metacognitive self-reflection may provide the "developmental enrichment" necessary to think about thinking, and when inhibitory control is sufficiently developed this thinking can be extended to complex reasoning about own and other minds.
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