Peripheral neuropathy following monkeypox infection: an unexpected diagnosis of Parsonage-Turner syndrome

Parsonage-Turner syndrome following monkeypox infection is a rare form of peripheral neuropathy seen in orthopaedic practice and described only once in the literature. We present the case of a man in his 30s with severe shoulder pain and subsequent amyotrophy 2 weeks after monkeypox infection. Our report encompasses the initial findings, radiographic examinations and follow-up over a 6-month period. To confirm the diagnosis, MRI and electrostimulation conduction studies were conducted, highlighting their importance as valuable diagnostic tools in conjunction with a thorough physical examination. Supportive treatment, including physical therapy and pain management, forms the cornerstone of management, while surgical intervention is reserved for refractory cases or when mechanical complications arise. Prognosis varies among individuals. This case report expands the understanding of neurological complications of monkeypox infection. Clinicians should include Parsonage-Turner syndrome in their differential diagnosis for patients presenting with symptoms of peripheral brachial plexus neuropathy following viral infections, including monkeypox.