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Long-lived topological time-crystalline order on a quantum processor.

Liang Xiang1, Wenjie Jiang2, Zehang Bao1

  • 1School of Physics, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Quantum Chips and Quantum Control, Hangzhou, China.

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Researchers observed a prethermal topologically ordered time crystal using superconducting qubits. This exotic phase of matter exhibits time-translation symmetry breaking, offering new avenues for quantum computing research.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Quantum Information Science
  • Non-equilibrium Quantum Dynamics

Background:

  • Topologically ordered phases of matter possess unique properties like long-range entanglement and robustness, extending beyond classical Landau symmetry-breaking theory.
  • Periodically driven (topological) quantum systems can exhibit novel phenomena not found in thermal equilibrium.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally observe signatures of a prethermal topologically ordered time crystal.
  • To investigate the connection between observed dynamics and underlying topological order in a driven quantum system.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing programmable superconducting qubits arranged in a square lattice.
  • Implementing a surface code Hamiltonian with periodic driving protocols.
  • Measuring nonlocal logical operators and topological entanglement entropy.

Main Results:

  • Observed discrete time-translation symmetry breaking dynamics, evidenced by subharmonic responses.
  • Confirmed the presence of topological order through nonzero topological entanglement entropy measurements.
  • Studied the dynamics of topological entanglement entropy in the driven system.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides experimental evidence for a prethermal topologically ordered time crystal.
  • Demonstrates the potential of noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) processors for exploring exotic non-equilibrium phases of matter.
  • Highlights the interplay between topological order and driven dynamics in quantum systems.