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Complement activation by pneumococci associated with acute otitis media.

K Prellner

    Acta Pathologica Et Microbiologica Scandinavica. Section C, Immunology
    |June 1, 1979
    PubMed
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    Pneumococci, common in otitis media, activate the human complement system through both classical and alternative pathways. Dual pathway activation is more efficient, enhancing the immune response against these bacteria.

    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Microbiology
    • Complement System

    Background:

    • Pneumococci are a leading cause of acute otitis media.
    • The complement system is crucial for innate immunity.
    • Understanding bacterial complement activation is key to developing treatments.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the activation of the complement system by pneumococci.
    • To determine which complement pathways are involved.
    • To assess the efficiency of complement activation via single versus dual pathways.

    Main Methods:

    • Incubation of normal human serum with specific pneumococcal serotypes.
    • Measurement of complement component levels (C4, C3) and complexes (C1r-C1s-C1 IA).
    • Analysis of complement activation in C2-deficient serum and serum chelated with Mg++ EGTA.

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    Main Results:

    • Pneumococci activated both the classical and alternative complement pathways.
    • Classical pathway activation was indicated by reduced C4 and C1r-C1s-C1 IA complexes.
    • Alternative pathway activation was shown by C3 conversion in C2-deficient and chelated serum.
    • Complement activation was more efficient when both pathways were intact, leading to greater C3 conversion and reduced properdin and factor B levels.

    Conclusions:

    • Pneumococci activate both classical and alternative complement pathways.
    • Dual pathway activation by pneumococci is more efficient than single pathway activation.
    • These findings highlight the complex interaction between pneumococci and the human immune system.