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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Ornithology
  • Conservation Biology

Background:

  • Semideciduous forests in the Atlantic Forest biome are highly degraded.
  • Historically, bird species inhabited these forests across São Paulo state until the mid-20th century.
  • Many species are now unobserved or nearing extinction in inland forest fragments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and compare historical and recent ornithological records.
  • To understand the reasons behind the current lack of records for certain bird species.
  • To assess the scale of defaunation in semideciduous Atlantic Forests.

Main Methods:

  • Review of museum specimens and literature.
  • Analysis of citizen science data.
  • Conducting recent field surveys.

Main Results:

  • Extensive deforestation in the early 20th century led to fragmented forests.
  • Many fragments lack suitable habitats or connectivity for species recolonization.
  • Non-detection of forest bird species suggests a significant, unnoticed extinction event.

Conclusions:

  • The lack of bird species in semideciduous forest fragments indicates a large-scale extinction.
  • Defaunation patterns may be widespread across Brazilian Semideciduous Atlantic Forests.
  • Habitat degradation and fragmentation are key drivers of species loss.