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Biomarkers for evaluating the clinical response to immune checkpoint inhibitors in renal cell carcinoma (Review)
Raquel González-Garza1, Adrián Gutiérrez-González2, Mario César Salinas-Carmona1
1Immunology Service, University Hospital 'José Eleuterio González', Autonomous University of Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León 64460, México.
Abstract:
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a highly aggressive neoplastic disease of the renal parenchyma that is characterized by an intrinsic resistance to cytotoxic chemotherapy; for this reason, curative treatment is only achieved through surgical intervention in its early stages. The successful treatment of advanced or metastatic RCC will require the combined use of novel targeted therapies such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors, vascular endothelial growth factor blockers and immune checkpoint blockade therapies. Unfortunately, not all patients are candidates for such treatments, and at present, it is not possible to predict a patient's therapeutic response or likelihood to develop treatment‑associated complications. The present review described the literature focusing on the use of biomarkers for predicting patients' responses to therapies that induce immune checkpoint blockade in RCC.
Insights
Biomarkers can predict patient responses to immune checkpoint blockade therapies for renal cell carcinoma (RCC). This review explores literature on using biomarkers to guide advanced RCC treatment decisions and manage complications.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Immunology
- Biomarker Discovery
Background:
- Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is an aggressive cancer resistant to chemotherapy.
- Early-stage RCC is curable with surgery, but advanced stages require targeted therapies.
- Predicting patient response and complications for novel therapies remains a challenge.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the literature on biomarkers for predicting treatment response in RCC.
- To focus on biomarkers relevant to immune checkpoint blockade therapies.
- To aid in personalized treatment strategies for advanced RCC.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies on biomarkers and RCC therapies.
- Analysis of research on immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in RCC.
- Synthesis of data on predictive and prognostic biomarkers.
Main Results:
- Biomarkers show potential in predicting response to tyrosine kinase inhibitors, VEGF blockers, and ICIs.
- Specific biomarkers are being investigated for their ability to stratify patients.
- Understanding biomarker roles is crucial for managing treatment-associated complications.
Conclusions:
- Biomarkers are essential for optimizing immune checkpoint blockade therapy in RCC.
- Further research is needed to validate biomarkers for clinical application.
- Personalized medicine approaches using biomarkers can improve outcomes for advanced RCC patients.
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