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Related Concept Videos

Peripheral Nervous System: Ganglia and Nerves01:24

Peripheral Nervous System: Ganglia and Nerves

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The Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) is a crucial component of the body's neural network, extending beyond the central nervous system (CNS) to bridge the gap between the CNS and the external environment. It encompasses nerves, ganglia, and sensory receptors.
Nerves
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Nervous System01:21

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The nervous system coordinates body functions through its complex network of nerve cells, enabling sensation and movement. It is divided into two primary parts: the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS is composed of the brain and the spinal cord. The brain acts as the body's control center, processing sensory information and coordinating responses. The spinal cord functions as a major signaling pathway for the brain and the rest of the body.
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Organization of the Nervous System01:13

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The nervous system is one of the most complex systems in our body. It is organized into two main divisions: the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
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The human nervous system is divided into two main parts: the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS is composed of the brain and spinal cord, while the PNS contains nerve cells, clusters of nerve cells, and the sensory receptors that are outside the CNS. The PNS has two types of nerve cells: sensory (afferent) and motor (efferent). Sensory cells send signals to the CNS from receptors, and motor cells carry signals from the CNS to organs, muscles, and...
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The nervous system, responsible for sensing, integrating, and responding to various stimuli, is divided into the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The PNS has two functional divisions: the sensory or afferent division and the motor or efferent division.
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Updated: Jun 10, 2025

Visualizing Impairment of the Endothelial and Glial Barriers of the Neurovascular Unit during Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis In Vivo
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The peripheral neuroimmune system.

Keaton Song1,2,3,4,5,6,7, Brian S Kim3,4,5,6,7

  • 1Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA.

Journal of Leukocyte Biology
|October 18, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The nervous and immune systems, once thought separate, are now known to interact closely. This neuroimmune communication is vital for maintaining health and may offer new disease treatment targets.

Keywords:
itch biologymast cellneuroimmunologyneuropeptidesensory biology

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Physiology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • The nervous system and immune system were historically studied as independent entities.
  • The nervous system manages bodily signals and actions, while the immune system defends against pathogens and injury.
  • Recent research reveals integrated responses between these systems, particularly involving the peripheral nervous system.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the communication pathways between the nervous and immune systems.
  • To understand the role of neuroimmune interactions in maintaining homeostasis.
  • To identify potential therapeutic targets arising from dysregulated neuroimmune responses.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent developments in neuroimmunology.
  • Analysis of the integrated responses of the peripheral nervous system and immune system.
  • Investigation into the mechanisms of neuroimmune communication.

Main Results:

  • The peripheral nervous system and immune system collaborate to control homeostatic reflexes.
  • Dysregulation in neuroimmune interactions is implicated in various pathological conditions.
  • Understanding these interactions is crucial for tissue physiology.

Conclusions:

  • Neuroimmune interactions are fundamental to maintaining bodily homeostasis.
  • Aberrant neuroimmune signaling contributes to disease pathogenesis.
  • The emerging field of peripheral neuroimmunology offers novel therapeutic strategies.