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The interplay of dietary mycotoxins and oncogenic viruses toward human carcinogenesis: a scoping review

Thanos Mouchtaris Michailidis1,2,3, Sarah De Saeger1,2,4, Rita Khoueiry3

  • 1Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Centre of Excellence in Mycotoxicology and Public Health, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.

Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition
|October 18, 2024
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Mycotoxins like aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) significantly increase cancer risk when combined with oncogenic viruses. This synergistic effect is notable for hepatitis viruses in liver cancer and warrants further investigation for HPV and EBV.

Area of Science:

  • Toxicology
  • Oncology
  • Virology

Background:

  • Mycotoxins are fungal metabolites found in food with known carcinogenic potential.
  • Their interaction with oncogenic viruses amplifies cancer risk.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and synthesize evidence on human cancer risk from mycotoxin exposure and oncogenic virus infections.
  • To identify synergistic effects between mycotoxins and viruses in cancer development.

Main Methods:

  • Scoping review of studies from PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science.
  • Data extraction using the PECOS framework, with narrative and qualitative synthesis.
  • Risk of bias and outcome quality assessed using OHAT and GRADE.

Main Results:

  • Aflatoxins (AFB1) and hepatitis viruses show a significant synergistic effect in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
  • AFB1 interactions with human papilloma virus (HPV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) were observed but require more research.
  • 25 studies were included, with a focus on AFB1 in HCC, cervical cancer, and lymphoma.

Conclusions:

  • The combined impact of mycotoxins and oncogenic viruses poses a significant public health risk.
  • Further research, including prospective studies and molecular mechanism investigations, is crucial.
Keywords:
Aflatoxincancercarcinogenesisexposuremycotoxinsoncogenic viruses

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