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ATP Driven Pumps I: An Overview01:27

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ATP-driven pumps, also known as transport ATPases, are integral membrane proteins. They have binding sites for ATP located on the membrane's cytosolic side and the ion-conducting domain in the transmembrane region. These pumps use the free energy released from ATP hydrolysis to move the solutes across cell membranes against an electrochemical gradient.
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V-type pumps are ATP-driven pumps found in the vacuolar membranes of plants, yeast, endosomal and lysosomal membranes of animal cells, plasma membranes of a few specialized eukaryotic cells, and some prokaryotes. They are also known as the V1Vo-ATPase, that couple ATP hydrolysis to transport protons against a concentration gradient.
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ATP Driven Pumps II: P-type Pumps01:34

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The P-type pumps are a large family of integral membrane transporter ATPases. They are divided into five major types based on substrate specificity, from I to V.
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In contrast to passive transport, active transport involves a substance being moved through membranes in a direction against its concentration or electrochemical gradient. There are two types of active transport: primary active transport and secondary active transport. Primary active transport utilizes chemical energy from ATP to drive protein pumps embedded in the cell membrane. With energy from ATP, the pumps transport ions against their electrochemical gradients—a direction they would...
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Substrate-Controlled Bidirectional Pumping by a Bienzymatic Micropump.

Bogdan Adrian Nicola1, Mihail N Popescu2, Szilveszter Gáspár1

  • 1International Centre of Biodynamics, 1B Intrarea Portocalelor, 060101 Bucharest, Romania.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|October 18, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a novel bienzymatic micropump capable of bidirectional flow. This innovation uses enzymes to create autonomous, non-mechanical pumping for microfluidic devices.

Keywords:
bidirectional pumpingbiochemically controlled flowchemically active surfaceenzymatic micropumpglucosidase micropump

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Microfluidics
  • Enzymology

Background:

  • Autonomous, miniaturized pumps are crucial for portable microfluidics.
  • Enzyme-imprinted surfaces can generate hydrodynamic flow, enabling non-mechanical pumping.
  • Existing enzymatic micropumps lack bidirectional flow capabilities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce beta-glucosidase for robust inward flow generation in enzymatic micropumps.
  • To develop a bienzymatic micropump with bidirectional flow control.
  • To advance the development of versatile, biocompatible micropumps.

Main Methods:

  • Incorporation of beta-glucosidase enzyme for cellobiose-induced flow.
  • Integration of beta-glucosidase and urease into a single micropump patch.
  • Characterization of hydrodynamic flow generation in response to specific substrates.

Main Results:

  • Beta-glucosidase facilitated robust inward flow (2.51 ± 0.56 μm s⁻¹ at 80 mM cellobiose).
  • The bienzymatic micropump demonstrated substrate-dependent bidirectional flow.
  • Inward flow observed with cellobiose (0.95 ± 0.37 μm s⁻¹ at 20 mM), outward flow with urea (1.46 ± 0.47 μm s⁻¹ at 20 mM).

Conclusions:

  • Beta-glucosidase is effective for creating enzymatic micropumps with inward flow.
  • The novel bienzymatic micropump achieves controlled bidirectional flow.
  • This technology represents a significant advancement for on-demand, biocompatible microfluidic pumping.