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Antibody Structure

Antibody Structure

Overview
Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins (Ig), are essential players of the adaptive immune system. These antigen-binding proteins are produced by B cells and make up 20 percent of the total blood plasma by weight. In mammals, antibodies fall into five different classes, which each elicits a different biological response upon antigen binding.
The Y-Shaped Structure of Antibodies Consists of Four Polypeptide Chains
Antibodies consist of four polypeptide chains: two identical heavy...

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Updated: Jun 10, 2025

Efficient and Site-specific Antibody Labeling by Strain-promoted Azide-alkyne Cycloaddition

Efficient and Site-specific Antibody Labeling by Strain-promoted Azide-alkyne Cycloaddition

Published on: December 23, 2016

Site-Specific Quadruple-Functionalised Antibodies.

Toby Journeaux¹, Michael B Geeson¹, Thomas V Murray²

¹Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)

|October 18, 2024

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

New multi-payload antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) overcome tumor resistance by attaching multiple functionalities to a single antibody. This breakthrough enables highly homogeneous ADCs with up to four distinct payloads for enhanced cancer therapy.

Keywords:

Antibodies Antibody-drug conjugates Bioconjugation Multifunctionalized antibody–drug conjugates Site-specific protein modification

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A GPC3-targeting Bispecific Antibody, GPC3-S-Fab, with Potent Cytotoxicity

A GPC3-targeting Bispecific Antibody, GPC3-S-Fab, with Potent Cytotoxicity

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Targeted Antibody Blocking by a Dual-Functional Conjugate of Antigenic Peptide and Fc-III Mimetics DCAF

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A GPC3-targeting Bispecific Antibody, GPC3-S-Fab, with Potent Cytotoxicity

A GPC3-targeting Bispecific Antibody, GPC3-S-Fab, with Potent Cytotoxicity

Published on: July 12, 2018

Area of Science:

Bioconjugation Chemistry
Oncology Therapeutics
Protein Engineering

Background:

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) show clinical success but face limitations due to tumor heterogeneity and resistance.
Existing ADCs often struggle with efficacy due to these challenges.
Multi-payload ADCs, featuring multiple distinct payloads on a single antibody, are emerging as a solution.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop highly homogeneous multi-functionalized antibody conjugates with multiple distinct payloads.
To overcome the limitations of current ADCs in treating heterogeneous and resistant tumors.
To establish a new platform for next-generation ADC development.

Main Methods:

Utilized multiple orthogonal site-specific protein modification strategies.
Engineered antibody conjugates with up to four different functionalities at unique antibody sites.
Employed a site-specific cyclopropenone (CPO)-based reagent for payload attachment.

Main Results:

Successfully generated highly homogeneous multi-functionalized antibody conjugates.
Demonstrated the ability to install up to four distinct functionalities on a single antibody.
Achieved the first homogeneous multi-payload ADC with a payload count exceeding two.

Conclusions:

This work presents a novel approach to creating advanced multi-payload ADCs.
The developed methodology facilitates the creation of next-generation ADCs with enhanced therapeutic potential.
The homogeneous nature and high payload capacity of these conjugates offer a promising strategy against tumor resistance.