Dynamic X-ray Coherent Diffraction Analysis: Bridging the Time Scales between Imaging and Photon Correlation...

Area of Science:

• Materials Science
• Condensed Matter Physics
• Nanotechnology

Background:

• Advanced X-ray sources and detectors enable *in situ* and *operando* material studies.
• Coherent X-ray diffraction techniques like CXDI and XPCS offer complementary insights.
• Simultaneous application of CXDI and XPCS has been challenging due to signal-to-noise constraints.

Purpose of the Study:

• To demonstrate a novel strategy for the simultaneous application of CXDI and XPCS.
• To investigate the Brownian motion and agglomeration of colloidal gold nanoparticles *in situ*.
• To achieve high temporal resolution in combined X-ray diffraction measurements.

Main Methods:

• Utilized a simultaneous CXDI and XPCS approach.
• Studied 200 nm colloidal gold nanoparticles in a glycerol-water mixture.
• Achieved a temporal resolution of 22 ms for CXDI.

Main Results:

• Successfully visualized the agglomeration process of gold nanoparticles.
• Quantified the spatiotemporal dynamics accessible with the combined techniques.
• Demonstrated the feasibility of high-temporal-resolution CXDI.

Conclusions:

• The simultaneous use of CXDI and XPCS is a viable strategy for *in situ* material dynamics studies.
• This combined method provides enhanced understanding of nanoparticle behavior, including agglomeration.
• The demonstrated 22 ms temporal resolution opens new avenues for dynamic *operando* investigations.