Prediction models for cognitive frailty in community-dwelling older adults: A scoping review

This review investigates the current status of cognitive frailty risk prediction models for community-dwelling older adults, aiming to explore the shortcomings and provide insights for model optimisation.

We adhered to the PRISMA guidelines for scoping review and followed the Joanna Briggs Institute Manual for Evidence Synthesis.

This article includes a total of 10 studies, revealing a prevalence of cognitive frailty ranging from 4.8 % to 39.6 %. The methods used for model construction included both logistic regression and machine learning. The predictors varied across the models, with age, education level, gender, and physical activity level being the most frequently cited factors.

While most models showed good applicability, all models displayed a high risk of bias. Future endeavors should concentrate on leveraging existing tools to ensure standardization in development and conducting rigorous evaluations of prediction models for cognitive frailty in community-dwelling older adults.