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Related Concept Videos

Insulin Formulations: Types and Delivery01:27

Insulin Formulations: Types and Delivery

171
Insulin preparations are categorized by their duration of action into short-acting and long-acting types. Two strategies are used to modify insulin's absorption and pharmacokinetic profile: slowing the absorption post-subcutaneous injection, or altering human insulin's amino acid sequence or protein structure. These changes retain the insulin's ability to bind to the insulin receptor, but alter its behavior in solution or after injection.
Short-acting insulins are divided into...
171
Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects01:16

Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects

148
Insulin-replacement therapy usually includes both long-acting insulin (basal) and short-acting insulin (to cater to postprandial needs). In a diverse group of type 1 diabetes patients, the average daily insulin dose is typically 0.5-0.7 units/kg body weight. However, obese patients and pubertal adolescents may need more due to insulin resistance.
The basal dose constitutes about 40%-50% of the total daily dose, with the rest as premeal insulin. The mealtime insulin dose should mirror...
148
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Glinides01:06

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Glinides

142
Repaglinide (Prandin) and Nateglinide (Starlix), known as glinides, are oral insulin secretagogues that stimulate insulin release from pancreatic β cells by closing the ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP channel). Repaglinide controls insulin release from pancreatic β cells by managing potassium efflux. It shares two binding sites with sulfonylureas and also has a unique site, indicating overlapping mechanisms of action. With a rapid onset and a 4-7 hour duration, it effectively...
142
Insulin: Biosynthesis, Chemistry, and Preparation01:25

Insulin: Biosynthesis, Chemistry, and Preparation

360
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of pancreatic β-cells synthesizes preproinsulin, which consists of a signal peptide, A and B chains, and a C-peptide. Preproinsulin is then cleaved and folded into proinsulin, which translocates to the Golgi apparatus for sorting and packaging into secretory granules. In these granules, enzymatic clipping generates insulin and C-peptide.
Damage or functional impairment of β-cells inhibits insulin production, leading to diabetes. Diabetes treatment...
360
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Biguanides and Glitazones01:26

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Biguanides and Glitazones

176
Biguanides, particularly metformin (Glucophage), are insulin sensitizers that enhance glucose uptake, thereby reducing insulin resistance. Unlike sulfonylureas, metformin doesn't prompt insulin secretion, which helps to curb hypoglycemia risk. Metformin is beneficial in treating conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome due to its insulin-resistance reduction capability. The drug's primary action involves curtailing hepatic gluconeogenesis, a significant contributor to high blood...
176
Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy01:15

Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy

237
The therapy for diabetes aims to alleviate hyperglycemia-related symptoms, prevent acute metabolic decompensation, and reduce chronic end-organ complications. Glycemic control is evaluated through short-term (self-monitoring, continuous glucose monitoring) and long-term (A1c, fructosamine) metrics, enabling near real-time tracking of blood glucose levels and reflecting glycemic control over specific time frames.
Insulin remains the cornerstone of treatment for most patients with type 1 and many...
237

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Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital
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Icodec: A Novel Once-Weekly Basal Insulin for Diabetes Management.

Jennifer Goldman1, Curtis Triplitt2, Diana Isaacs3

  • 1Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Boston, MA, USA.

The Annals of Pharmacotherapy
|October 19, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Insulin icodec, a new weekly basal insulin, shows promise for type 1 and type 2 diabetes. It offers improved convenience and glycemic control compared to daily insulins, with a similar safety profile.

Keywords:
diabetes mellitusglycemic controlinsulininsulin icodeclong-actingtype 1type 2

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology and Metabolism
  • Pharmacology
  • Diabetes Therapeutics

Background:

  • Basal insulin therapy is crucial for managing type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D).
  • Current basal insulin regimens typically involve daily injections, which can impact patient adherence and quality of life.
  • Novel insulin formulations aim to improve convenience and efficacy in diabetes management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy, safety, and clinical implications of insulin icodec, a novel once-weekly basal insulin.
  • To compare insulin icodec with existing once-daily basal insulins (glargine U100, glargine U300, degludec).
  • To assess the advantages and challenges of weekly insulin icodec in T1D and T2D treatment.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, Google Scholar, Embase, and ClinicalTrials.gov.
  • Search terms included "icodec" and "ONWARDS trial" up to August 26, 2024.
  • Included studies compared once-weekly insulin icodec with once-daily basal insulins in human patients with T1D or T2D.

Main Results:

  • Insulin icodec demonstrated reduced dosing frequency compared to daily basal insulins.
  • Glycemic management with insulin icodec was potentially superior.
  • The safety profile of insulin icodec was found to be comparable to existing basal insulins.

Conclusions:

  • Once-weekly insulin icodec offers significant improvements in convenience and efficacy over daily basal insulins.
  • Insulin icodec represents a notable innovation in insulin therapy for diabetes management.
  • This novel basal insulin may enhance treatment adherence and improve patients' quality of life.