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Gender Differences in Co-developmental Trajectories of Internalizing and Externalizing Problems: A 7-Year
María Álvarez-Voces1, Beatriz Díaz-Vázquez2, Laura López-Romero2
1UNDERISK Group, Faculty of Psychology, Institute of Psychology (IPsiUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain. mariaalvarez.voces@usc.es.
Child Psychiatry and Human Development
|October 19, 2024
Summary
Gender significantly impacts childhood conduct and emotional problems. While conduct issues decrease in girls, boys show different patterns, highlighting the need for gender-specific approaches in developmental psychology.
Area of Science:
- Developmental Psychology
- Child Psychiatry
- Behavioral Science
Background:
- Co-occurrence of externalizing (conduct) and internalizing (emotional) problems is recognized in children.
- Existing research lacks clarity on gender differences in the longitudinal interplay of these problem types.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate gender-specific longitudinal trajectories of conduct and emotional problems in children.
- To examine how these problem types influence each other over time, considering gender.
Main Methods:
- Longitudinal analysis of 2368 children (ages 3-12) from the ELISA project.
- Utilized latent growth curve modeling and parallel process latent growth curve modeling.
- Analyzed parent-reported data on conduct problems and emotional symptoms.
Main Results:
- Conduct problems consistently decreased over time for girls, but not for boys.
- High initial emotional symptoms predicted a slower increase in emotional symptoms for girls.
- Parental positivity acted as a protective factor against conduct problems in girls.
- Grandiose-deceitful traits linked more to conduct problems in girls; callous-unemotional traits linked to emotional symptoms in boys.
Conclusions:
- Gender plays a crucial role in the development and co-occurrence of childhood conduct and emotional problems.
- Findings underscore the necessity of gender-informed strategies in addressing behavioral and emotional difficulties in children.
- The study contributes to a nuanced understanding of developmental psychopathology across genders.
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