CRISPR innovations in tissue engineering and gene editing.

Area of Science:

• Molecular Biology
• Biotechnology
• Regenerative Medicine

Background:

• The CRISPR/Cas9 system is a versatile genome editing tool.
• Catalytically deactivated Cas9 (dCas9) enables precise gene regulation without cutting DNA.
• dCas9 combined with sgRNA facilitates CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) and CRISPR activation (CRISPRa).

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the principles and advancements of CRISPRi and CRISPRa technologies.
• To explore delivery vectors for CRISPR-based gene regulation.
• To highlight applications in stem cell engineering and regenerative medicine.

Main Methods:

• Review of current literature on CRISPRi and CRISPRa.
• Analysis of CRISPR technology delivery systems.
• Examination of case studies in regenerative medicine.

Main Results:

• CRISPRi and CRISPRa offer precise methods for inhibiting or activating gene expression.
• Various delivery vectors are being developed for efficient CRISPR technology application.
• Successful applications demonstrated in vitro stem cell manipulation and in vivo disease treatment.

Conclusions:

• CRISPRi and CRISPRa are powerful tools for advancing regenerative medicine.
• Applications span retinal, muscular, neural, bone, and cartilage regeneration, as well as blood, skin, and liver diseases.
• Overcoming translation challenges is key to realizing the full therapeutic potential of CRISPR technologies.