Metabolomics: Unveiling biological matrices in precision nutrition and health

Precision nutrition, an expanding field at the intersection of nutrition science and personalized medicine, is rapidly evolving with metabolomics integration. Metabolomics, facilitated by advanced technologies like mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, facilitates comprehensive profiling of metabolites across diverse biological samples. From the perspective of health care systems, precision nutrition gains relevance due to the substantial impact of prevalent non-communicable diseases (NCDs) on societal well-being, which is directly linked with dietary habits and eating behavior. Furthermore, biomarker products derived from metabolomics have been utilized in Europe, the USA, and Brazil to understand metabolic dysregulations and tailor diets accordingly. Despite its burgeoning status, metabolomics holds great potential in revolutionizing nutritional science, particularly with the integration of artificial intelligence and machine learning, offering novel insights into personalized dietary interventions and disease prediction. This narrative review emphasizes the transformative impact of metabolomics in precision and delineates avenues for future research and application, paving the way for a more tailored and practical approach to nutrition management.