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Incidence and Risk of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Hospitalization Among Unvaccinated Children

Ousseny Zerbo1, Julius Timbol1, John R Hansen1

  • 1Vaccine Study Center, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California, USA.

Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses
|October 21, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Unvaccinated children under 6 months faced the highest COVID-19 hospitalization rates, while adolescents had more ICU admissions. Vaccination is crucial for preventing severe illness in all eligible children.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • COVID-19 hospitalization rates and risk factors in unvaccinated children remain a critical public health concern.
  • Understanding these trends is essential for developing targeted prevention strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the incidence of COVID-19 hospitalization among unvaccinated children.
  • To identify key risk factors associated with severe COVID-19 outcomes in this population.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 1,107,799 unvaccinated children aged 0-17 years was followed from March 2020 to December 2022.
  • Incidence rates were calculated by SARS-CoV-2 variant period and age group.
  • Poisson regression analysis identified risk factors for hospitalization.

Main Results:

  • The incidence of COVID-19 hospitalization increased with successive SARS-CoV-2 variants (predelta, delta, omicron).
  • Infants under 6 months had the highest incidence rates.
  • Black and Hispanic children, and those with comorbidities, faced significantly higher hospitalization risks. Adolescents (12-17 years) had the highest ICU admission rates, often without comorbidities.

Conclusions:

  • Infants too young to be vaccinated experienced the highest COVID-19 hospitalization incidence.
  • Adolescents showed a higher proportion of intensive care unit admissions.
  • Widespread vaccination among eligible individuals is recommended to prevent severe COVID-19 disease in children and adolescents.
Abstract

Keywords:
COVID‐19hospitalizationpediatric infectionsunvaccinated

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