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Deep Mouse Brain Two-Photon Near-Infrared Fluorescence Imaging Using a Superconducting Nanowire Single-Photon

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Researchers developed new superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) for deep-tissue imaging. This technology enables two-photon microscopy (2PM) in the shortwave near-infrared (SWIR) region, achieving over 1.1 mm depth in mouse brains.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Optics
  • Neuroscience Imaging
  • Photonics

Background:

  • Two-photon microscopy (2PM) is vital for in vivo biological imaging, but scattering in tissues limits imaging depth.
  • Current limitations in detector and probe availability hinder deep imaging in the shortwave near-infrared (SWIR) spectrum.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To overcome limitations in SWIR 2PM by developing novel detector technology.
  • To enable deeper tissue imaging beyond the typical 600-800 μm in mammalian brains.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a novel array of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) and custom detection electronics.
  • Integrated SNSPDs and electronics for seamless use in near-infrared 2PM systems.
  • Utilized an organic fluorescent dye emitting at 1105 nm for imaging.

Main Results:

  • Achieved imaging depth greater than 1.1 mm in the in vivo mouse brain.
  • SNSPD array demonstrated high efficiency, dynamic range, and low dark-count rates across a wide wavelength range.
  • Demonstrated successful integration of the new detector technology into a 2PM system.

Conclusions:

  • Introduced a scalable SNSPD technology for SWIR 2PM, significantly advancing deep tissue biological imaging.
  • The developed system overcomes previous wavelength limitations, facilitating unprecedented imaging depths.
  • This technology holds promise for future advancements in studying intact biological tissues.