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Area of Science:

  • Optics and Photonics
  • Metamaterials
  • Vector Beam Generation

Background:

  • Polarization and color are crucial for optical phenomena and information encoding.
  • Controlling light fields in three dimensions (3D) with polarization and color is increasingly important for compact optical systems.
  • Simultaneous longitudinal control of 3D optical structures with color and polarization has not been previously reported.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop lightweight optical elements for simultaneous control of polarization and color in 3D space.
  • To engineer longitudinally variable 3D optical structures for enhanced information encoding capacity.
  • To propose a metasurface approach for generating multiple 3D polarization knots with engineered polarization profiles.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a metasurface approach to generate multiple 3D polarization knots along the light propagation direction.
  • Engineered each knot to feature two colors and a specific 3D polarization profile.
  • Controlled the observation region along the light propagation to obtain different multicolored 3D polarization knots.

Main Results:

  • Successfully generated multiple 3D polarization knots, each with two colors and engineered 3D polarization.
  • Demonstrated the ability to obtain different multicolored 3D polarization knots by adjusting the observation region.
  • Achieved simultaneous control of polarization, color, and longitudinal properties in a 3D environment.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed metasurface approach offers extra degrees of freedom for engineering complex vector beams.
  • The developed metadevices provide unique properties with design flexibility and compactness.
  • This paves the way for small-volume polarization systems applicable to complex structured beams and encryption.