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Systemic increase in IL-26 is associated with severe COVID-19 and comorbid obstructive lung disease
Eduardo I Cardenas1,2, Josefina Robertson3,4, Salvia Misaghian5
1Division of Lung and Airway Research, Institute of Environmental Medicine, and the Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Frontiers in Immunology
|October 21, 2024
Summary
Systemic Interleukin-26 (IL-26) is elevated in severe COVID-19, particularly in males and those with obstructive lung disease. This suggests IL-26 has roles in disease severity and may serve as a biomarker.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Virology
- Pulmonology
Background:
- Interleukin-26 (IL-26) is crucial for pulmonary defense and exhibits antibacterial and antiviral properties.
- Previous studies linked increased IL-26 in acute COVID-19 to hyperinflammation, but its relation to disease severity, sex, comorbidities, viral load, and innate immunity remained unclear.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between systemic IL-26 levels and clinical parameters in acute COVID-19.
- To explore the correlation of IL-26 with disease severity, sex, comorbidities, viral load, and innate immune responses.
Main Methods:
- Quantified IL-26 in plasma from 178 COVID-19 patients and 30 controls using ELISA.
- Measured SARS-CoV-2 proteins, interferons (IFNs), and extracellular DNA using immunoassay and fluorometry.
Main Results:
- Elevated IL-26 plasma concentrations were observed in severe/critical COVID-19 patients, especially males and those with obstructive lung disease.
- IL-26 levels positively correlated with hospital stay duration, viral load markers, antiviral immunity, and extracellular DNA.
Conclusions:
- Systemic IL-26 is implicated in severe COVID-19 pathogenesis, particularly in males and patients with obstructive lung disease.
- Findings support IL-26's pathogenic and antiviral relevance in COVID-19, highlighting its potential as a biomarker.
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