Engineered mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles: kill tumors and protect organs

Solid tumors cause 90% of cancers and remain the primary cause of mortality. However, treating solid tumors presents significant challenges due to the complex tumor microenvironment and drug resistance, leading to inadequate treatment targeting and severe side effects. Surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy Although it is an effective method for the treatment of solid tumors, it can lead to organ dysfunction and affect patient prognosis. Therefore, it is imperative to improve treatment precision and organ repair capabilities to manage solid tumors. Mesenchymal stem cell extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) have wide application prospects as a new agent for solid tumor therapy. Firstly, MSC-EVs is a derivative of MSCs. It has the function of promoting tissue regeneration by inducing dedifferentiation in surviving cells after injury. Additionally, MSC-EVs offer unique advantages in terms of safety, stability and penetrability, making them a promising extracellular therapeutic modality for solid tumor treatment. Finally, MSC-EVs are able to enhance therapeutic efficacy through engineering strategies. To sum up, this review takes MSC-EVs as its object. And then we discuss recent advancements and engineering strategies in the use of MSC-EVs for soid tumor suppression. This review aims to inspire researchers to devise a new method for effectively treat solid tumors.