Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2025

Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo
12:42

Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo

Published on: January 7, 2019

9.4K

AVL-armed oncolytic vaccinia virus promotes viral replication and boosts antitumor immunity via increasing ROS levels

Jianlei Yu1, Nan An1, Jili Zhu1

  • 1College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.

Molecular Therapy. Oncology
|October 21, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Aphrocallistes vastus lectin-armed oncolytic vaccinia virus (oncoVV-AVL) enhances pancreatic cancer (PC) cell death and boosts antitumor immunity. This novel therapy reprograms the tumor microenvironment, offering a promising new treatment for PC.

Area of Science:

  • Oncolytic virotherapy
  • Cancer immunology
  • Molecular oncology

Background:

  • Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a deadly malignancy with limited treatment options.
  • Oncolytic vaccinia virus (VV) shows promise for cancer gene therapy.
  • Targeted delivery of therapeutic agents to PC is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the efficacy of Aphrocallistes vastus lectin-armed oncolytic vaccinia virus (oncoVV-AVL) against pancreatic cancer.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms underlying oncoVV-AVL's antitumor effects.
  • To evaluate oncoVV-AVL's impact on the tumor microenvironment.

Main Methods:

  • Treatment of PC cell lines (AsPC-1, PANC-1) with oncoVV-AVL.
  • Analysis of cytokine production (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, IFN-I) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels.
  • Assessment of viral replication, apoptosis, and autophagy induction.
  • Evaluation of oncoVV-AVL in xenograft tumor models, including immune cell profiling and cytokine analysis.

Main Results:

  • oncoVV-AVL demonstrated enhanced oncolytic effects on PC cells.
  • oncoVV-AVL induced cytokine production without triggering antiviral responses.
  • Elevated ROS levels in PC cells promoted viral replication, apoptosis, and autophagy.
  • In vivo, oncoVV-AVL suppressed tumor growth, increased IFN-γ, and reprogrammed macrophages towards an M1 phenotype.
  • oncoVV-AVL effectively converted "cold" PC tumors into "hot" tumors, enhancing antitumor immunity.

Conclusions:

  • oncoVV-AVL exhibits significant potential as a novel therapeutic agent for pancreatic cancer.
  • The mechanism involves ROS-mediated viral replication, apoptosis, autophagy, and immune modulation.
  • oncoVV-AVL reshapes the tumor microenvironment, enhancing the efficacy of antitumor responses.
Keywords:
MT: Regular IssueROSantitumor efficacyoncoVV-AVLpancreatic cancer cellsreactive oxygen speciesviral replication

More Related Videos

A Simple and Efficient Approach to Construct Mutant Vaccinia Virus Vectors09:16

A Simple and Efficient Approach to Construct Mutant Vaccinia Virus Vectors

Published on: October 30, 2016

11.2K
Experimental Melanoma Immunotherapy Model Using Tumor Vaccination with a Hematopoietic Cytokine09:15

Experimental Melanoma Immunotherapy Model Using Tumor Vaccination with a Hematopoietic Cytokine

Published on: February 24, 2023

3.3K

Related Concept Videos

Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer01:03

Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer

Rous Sarcoma virus or RSV was discovered by F. Peyton Rous in the year 1911 as a filterable transmissible agent that could cause tumors in chickens. He won a Nobel Prize for this discovery in 1966. His experiments clearly demonstrated that some cancers could be caused by infectious agents and led to the discovery of many more cancer-causing viruses in animals as well as humans.
RSV is a retrovirus that contains two copies of a plus-strand  RNA genome. Its genome consists of four main open...
5.0K
Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
486
Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
342
Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
7.6K
Mechanisms of Retrovirus-induced Cancers01:51

Mechanisms of Retrovirus-induced Cancers

Retroviruses are RNA viruses that have been shown to cause cancers in diverse species, including chickens, mice, cats, and monkeys. The RNA genomes of these viruses are first reverse-transcribed into single and then double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) copies. This dsDNA called proviral DNA then integrates into the host genome. Subsequently, the host cell transcribes the proviral DNA in concert with the chromosomal DNA. This leads to the production of viral RNA and proteins that assemble at the host...
5.0K