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Updated: Jun 10, 2025

Fetal Echocardiography and Pulsed-wave Doppler Ultrasound in a Rabbit Model of Intrauterine Growth Restriction
Published on: June 29, 2013
Practical Evaluation of the Fetal Cardiac Function
Edgar Hernandez-Andrade1, Beatrice Valentini2, Donatella Gerulewicz1
1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, McGovern Medical School, Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), University of Texas, Houston, Texas.
Abstract:
The fetal heart adapts dynamically to nutrient and oxygen needs from all fetal organs. These continuous changes make it difficult to define normal/abnormal cardiac function based only on the evaluation of a few cycles. Many signs of fetal cardiac dysfunction have been suggested; however, very few can stand as true manifestations of cardiac deterioration, and none has emerged as a single reliable marker of cardiac dysfunction. It is the combination of abnormal findings that provides a more accurate assessment of the status of the fetal heart function.

