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Three vs 6 Cycles of Chemotherapy for High-Risk Retinoblastoma: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Huijing Ye1, Kang Xue2, Ping Zhang1
1State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China.
Importance:
Adjuvant therapy is an important and effective treatment for retinoblastoma. However, there is a lack of head-to-head clinical trials comparing 3 vs 6 cycles of CEV chemotherapy (carboplatin, etoposide, and vincristine) for enucleated unilateral retinoblastoma with high-risk pathological features.
Objective:
To assess whether 3 cycles of CEV chemotherapy is noninferior to 6 cycles for enucleated unilateral retinoblastoma with high-risk pathological features.
Design, Setting, And Participants:
This double-center, randomized, open-label, noninferiority trial was conducted at 2 premier eye centers in China and included 187 patients who had undergone enucleation for unilateral retinoblastoma with high-risk pathological features (massive choroidal infiltration, retrolaminar optic nerve invasion, or scleral infiltration) between August 2013 and March 2024. The final date of follow-up was March 21, 2024.
Interventions:
Patients were randomly assigned to receive either 3 (n = 94) or 6 (n = 93) cycles of CEV chemotherapy regimen after enucleation.
Main Outcomes And Measures:
The primary end point was disease-free survival, with a noninferiority margin of 12%. Secondary end points encompassed overall survival, safety, economic burden, and the quality of life of children.
Results:
All 187 patients (median [IQR] age, 25.0 [20.0-37.0] months; 83 [44.4%] female) completed the trial. Median (IQR) follow-up was 79.0 (65.5-102.5) months. Five-year disease-free survival was 90.4% for the 3-cycle group vs 89.2% for the 6-cycle group (difference, 1.2% [95% CI, -7.5% to 9.8%]), which met the noninferiority criterion (P = .003 for noninferiority). The 6-cycle group experienced a higher frequency of adverse events, greater reduction in quality of life scores, and increased costs compared with the 3-cycle group.
Conclusions And Relevance:
Among patients with unilateral pathologic high-risk retinoblastoma, 3 cycles of CEV chemotherapy resulted in 5-year disease-free survival that was noninferior to 6 cycles of CEV chemotherapy.
Trial Registration:
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01906814.
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