The causal association between immune cells and gout: A bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study

Gout, a metabolic disorder, is increasingly being linked to immune cells. However, the causal relationships between these factors remain unclear. Our study aimed to elucidate the causal relationship between immune cells and gout. Our study used 2-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) to explore the causal relationship between immune cells and gout. It is noteworthy that we utilized 5 methods MR-Egger, weighted median, inverse variance weighted, weighted mode, and simple mode to ensure the reliability of the results. Comprehensive sensitivity analyses were performed to verify the robustness, heterogeneity, and horizontal pleiotropy of the results. After false discovery rate correction (PFDR <0.20), 3 immunophenotypes were identified: one in the B cell panel, one in the regulatory T cells panel, and another in the T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, Natural Killer cells panel. Among them, 2 immunophenotypes (CD4-CD8-T cell absolute count and CD25 on IgD + CD24 + B cell) increased the risk of developing gout, whereas the other one immunophenotype (CD45RA + CD28- CD8 + T cell %T cell) decreased the risk of gout. Subsequently, we did not observe heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy stable in these data through comprehensive sensitivity analyses. Furthermore, we identified some positive results in reverse MR analysis, but after false discovery rate correction (PFDR <0.20), no significant results were detected. Our study revealed causal relationships between immune cells and gout, providing novel insights into the prevention and treatment of gout.