Canard explosions in turbulent thermo-fluid systems

A sudden transition to a state of high-amplitude periodic oscillations is catastrophic in a thermo-fluid system. Conventionally, upon varying the control parameter, a sudden transition is observed as an abrupt jump in the amplitude of the fluctuations in these systems. In contrast, we present an experimental discovery of a canard explosion in a turbulent reactive flow system where we observe a continuous bifurcation with a rapid rise in the amplitude of the fluctuations within a narrow range of control parameters. The observed transition is facilitated via a state of bursting, consisting of the epochs of large amplitude periodic oscillations amidst the epochs of low-amplitude periodic oscillations. The amplitude of the bursts is higher than the amplitude of the bursts of an intermittency state in a conventional gradual transition, as reported in turbulent reactive flow systems. During the bursting state, we observe that temperature fluctuations of the exhaust gas vary at a slower time scale in correlation with the amplitude envelope of the bursts. We also present a phenomenological model for thermoacoustic systems to describe the observed canard explosion. Using the model, we explain that the large amplitude bursts occur due to the slow-fast dynamics at the bifurcation regime of the canard explosion.