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Natural-based solutions to mitigate dietary microplastics side effects in fish.

N Cattaneo1, M Zarantoniello1, F Conti1

  • 1Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy.

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Summary

Microplastics (MPs) harm fish by causing oxidative stress and organ accumulation. Microencapsulated astaxanthin (ASX) effectively counteracts these negative effects in zebrafish, offering a promising solution for fish health.

Keywords:
AstaxanthinHistomorphologyMicrocapsuleOxidative stressStarchZebrafish

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Area of Science:

  • Aquatic toxicology
  • Fish physiology
  • Environmental science

Background:

  • Dietary microplastics (MPs) pose a threat to fish, translocating to organs and inducing oxidative stress.
  • Effective mitigation strategies for MP-related issues in fish are urgently needed.
  • Microencapsulated astaxanthin (ASX) is explored for its potential to reduce MP toxicity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of microencapsulated astaxanthin (ASX) in mitigating microplastic (MP)-induced oxidative stress and accumulation in zebrafish (Danio rerio).
  • To assess the impact of different MP sizes and concentrations on zebrafish health.
  • To determine if ASX can restore intestinal integrity and reduce MP translocation.

Main Methods:

  • Zebrafish were fed diets with varying sizes (1-5 μm, 40-47 μm) and concentrations (50 or 500 mg/kg) of MPs for six months.
  • Fish were subsequently fed diets with or without microencapsulated ASX (7 g/kg) for an additional month.
  • Effects on intestinal epithelium, oxidative stress markers, and MP accumulation in organs were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Microencapsulated ASX counteracted negative effects of both small and large MPs.
  • ASX restored intestinal epithelium damaged by larger MPs (40-47 μm).
  • For smaller MPs (1-5 μm), ASX reduced oxidative stress and organ accumulation due to its antioxidant and coagulant properties.

Conclusions:

  • Microencapsulated astaxanthin is a promising dietary supplement to mitigate microplastic pollution impacts on fish.
  • Implementing microencapsulated ASX in aquafeeds can prevent MP-related health issues in fish.
  • ASX demonstrates potential in restoring gut health and reducing MP bioaccumulation in aquatic organisms.