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Updated: Jun 9, 2025
Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts
Published on: January 29, 2018
Exploring cortical trajectory of the lumbar vertebrae: a morphometric study in dry skeletons: a retrospective study
Parika Hanarwut1, Sitthichai Iamsaard1, Permsak Paholpak2
1Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
Study Design:
Retrospective cohort study.
Purpose:
This study aimed to explore the morphometry of the Thai lumbar vertebrae.
Overview Of Literature:
The cortical bone trajectory (CBT) is a novel approach for vertebral screw fixation aimed at addressing spinal instability associated with spinal disorders. The morphometry of the lumbar vertebrae is crucial in tailoring screw design for each CBT application, given the significant variations in optimal screw sizes, lengths, and angles among populations.
Methods:
A total of 300 dried lumbar columns were used to measure the pedicle height (PH) and width (PW), length for cortical bone trajectory (LCT), cephalad screw angle (CSA), axial cortical bone trajectory angle (ACA), and possible cortical zones for the CBT.
Results:
The following average values were calculated: PH in L1, 15.09±1.44 mm; PW in L5, 16.96±2.42 mm; LCT in L3, 35.75±2.61 mm; CSA in L1, 20.85°±2.30°; and ACA in L5, 21.83°±2.49°. Women generally had shorter PH and PW than men, with significant differences across lumbar levels. The LCT was significantly shorter in women and was notably different between the left and right sides. The CSA and ACA varied significantly between sexes and sides, with specific lumbar levels showing wider angles in one sex over the other. The most common cortical zones for screw tips were Z3 and Z10, with high incidences across all lumbar levels.
Conclusions:
This study presents detailed lumbar vertebral morphometry data specific to the Thai population. The results are essential for CBT application in screw fixation procedures. This information will contribute to the production of optimally designed screws for Thai patients in the future.
