Subcutaneous emphysema and pneumothorax complicating diagnostic colonoscopy

Area of Science:

• Gastroenterology
• Pulmonology
• Medical Case Reports

Background:

• Diagnostic colonoscopy is a common endoscopic procedure for evaluating colorectal conditions.
• Complications, though rare, can occur, necessitating thorough understanding and reporting.
• Subcutaneous emphysema and pneumothorax represent uncommon but serious potential adverse events.

Observation:

• A case of subcutaneous emphysema and pneumothorax is presented as a secondary complication of a diagnostic colonoscopy.
• Literature review identified 11 cases of retroperitoneal emphysema associated with colonoscopy.
• Only two prior reports of pneumothorax following colonoscopy were found in existing literature.

Findings:

• The presented case adds to the extremely limited number of documented pneumothorax events post-colonoscopy.
• The findings underscore the potential for barotrauma or direct injury during colonoscopy leading to air dissection.
• Etiologic factors and optimal therapeutic strategies for this rare complication are explored.

Implications:

• Increased awareness among endoscopists regarding the possibility of pneumothorax after colonoscopy.
• Importance of prompt recognition and appropriate management of post-colonoscopy pneumothorax.
• Further research into preventative measures and standardized treatment protocols for this rare complication is warranted.