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Trace element interactions affecting pulmonary macrophage cytotoxicity.

G L Fisher, K L McNeill, C J Democko

    Environmental Research
    |February 1, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Trace elements in coal fly ash exhibit varying toxicity to lung cells. Selenium mitigates vanadium and arsenic toxicity, while other combinations show minimal interaction in pulmonary alveolar macrophages.

    Area of Science:

    • Environmental Toxicology
    • Inorganic Chemistry
    • Cell Biology

    Background:

    • Powerplant emissions contain respirable particles enriched with biologically active trace elements.
    • Coal fly ash is a significant source of these potentially toxic trace elements.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the relative toxicity of selected trace elements found in coal fly ash.
    • To investigate the interactions (antagonistic, synergistic, additive) between these elements in a cellular model.

    Main Methods:

    • Assessed the cytotoxicity of inorganic compounds (ZnO, Na2SeO3, V2O5, NaAsO2, Mn3O4, Ni3S2) in cultured pulmonary alveolar macrophages.
    • Established dose-response curves for individual elements.
    • Studied interactions through coexposure to different concentrations of trace elements.

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    Main Results:

    • Vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) was the most cytotoxic, while sodium selenite (Na2SeO3) was the least toxic.
    • Selenium demonstrated complete antagonism to vanadium toxicity and slight antagonism to arsenic toxicity.
    • Zinc showed weak antagonism to nickel toxicity; other combinations had no significant effects.

    Conclusions:

    • Trace element toxicity in coal fly ash varies significantly, with vanadium being highly cytotoxic and selenium being relatively non-toxic.
    • Selenium possesses antagonistic properties against vanadium and arsenic, suggesting a potential protective role.
    • Understanding these interactions is crucial for assessing the health risks associated with airborne particulate matter from coal combustion.