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The human ear cannot distinguish between two sources of sound if they happen to reach within a specific time interval, typically 0.1 seconds apart. More than this, and they are perceived as separate sources.
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Comparing the Auditory Distance and Externalization of Virtual Sound Sources Simulated Using Nonindividualized

Mathieu Lavandier1, Lizette Heine1,2, Fabien Perrin2

  • 1ENTPE, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, CNRS, LTDS, UMR5513, Vaulx-en-Velin, France.

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|October 22, 2024
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Perceived distance and sound externalization over headphones are linked but distinct. Findings suggest they are not a single perceptual continuum, impacting virtual audio design.

Keywords:
hearinglocalizationspatial perceptionvirtual acoustics

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Area of Science:

  • Auditory perception
  • Virtual acoustics
  • Psychoacoustics

Background:

  • Sound reproduction over headphones can lead to either externalized (outside the head) or internalized (inside the head) perception.
  • The relationship between perceived distance and externalization of virtual sound sources requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if perceived distance influences sound externalization over headphones.
  • To investigate the correlation and decoupling of distance and externalization ratings for various sound types.

Main Methods:

  • 18 participants evaluated perceived distance and externalization for speech, piano, and helicopter sounds under 27 conditions using nonindividualized stimuli.
  • Analysis focused on correlations and decoupling between distance and externalization ratings across conditions and sound types.

Main Results:

  • Distance and externalization ratings were significantly correlated overall.
  • Sound type, simulated distance, and diotic reverberation affected distance and externalization differently, indicating decoupling.
  • Externalization was not solely dependent on perceived distance exceeding a specific threshold.

Conclusions:

  • Perceived distance and externalization are correlated but may not be part of a single perceptual continuum.
  • Virtual sound sources can be perceived as both internalized and at a specific distance.
  • Using distance scales to evaluate externalization may be inappropriate.