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Related Concept Videos

Mass Spectrometry: Alkyl Halide Fragmentation01:22

Mass Spectrometry: Alkyl Halide Fragmentation

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Chlorine isotopes exist as 35Cl and 37Cl in a 3:1 ratio, while bromine isotopes exist as 79Br and 81Br in a 1:1 ratio. The mass spectrum of alkyl halides typically produces two distinct molecular ion peaks, the molecular ion peak, [M], and the molecular ion plus two, [M + 2] peak. The relative heights of these two peaks are proportional to the isotopic abundance ratios of the halide. For example, 2‐chloropropane and 1‐bromopropane display two peaks with relative peak heights in a 3:1 and...
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Mass Spectrometry: Molecular Fragmentation Overview01:20

Mass Spectrometry: Molecular Fragmentation Overview

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The ionization of a molecule into a molecular ion inside the mass spectrometer causes instability in the molecule's structure due to the loss of an electron. This eventually leads to the fragmentation or breaking of some bonds in the molecule. The fragmentation occurs predominantly at specific bonds to yield relatively stable fragments.
One type of fragmentation pattern is the cleavage of a single bond in the molecular ion. The cleavage leads to a radical and a cation. The cleavage can...
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X-ray Crystallography02:18

X-ray Crystallography

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The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
Diffraction
Diffraction is the change in the direction of travel experienced by an electromagnetic wave when it encounters a physical barrier whose dimensions are comparable to those of the wavelength of the light. X-rays are electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths about as long as the distance between neighboring...
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Noble Gases02:54

Noble Gases

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The elements in group 18 are noble gases (helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon). They earned the name “noble” because they were assumed to be nonreactive since they have filled valence shells. In 1962, Dr. Neil Bartlett at the University of British Columbia proved this assumption to be false.
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Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

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Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...
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Intermolecular Forces03:13

Intermolecular Forces

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Atoms and molecules interact through bonds (or forces): intramolecular and intermolecular. The forces are electrostatic as they arise from interactions (attractive or repulsive) between charged species (permanent, partial, or temporary charges) and exist with varying strengths between ions, polar, nonpolar, and neutral molecules. The different types of intermolecular forces are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion; among these, dipole–dipole, hydrogen...
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From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding
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Delayed fragmentation of weakly bound Kr2.

Junyang Ma1, Pengzhao Wang1, Shuqi Li1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.

The Journal of Chemical Physics
|October 22, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We observed delayed fragmentation in krypton dimer ions (Kr2+) after laser ionization. This microsecond timescale delay is due to radiative decay from a long-lived state.

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Area of Science:

  • Atomic and Molecular Physics
  • Laser Physics
  • Chemical Physics

Background:

  • Weakly bound van der Waals molecules like Kr2+ are crucial for understanding fundamental chemical dynamics.
  • Femtosecond laser interactions with matter provide insights into ultrafast processes.
  • Ionization dynamics of rare gas dimers are complex and not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally investigate the fragmentation dynamics of laser-induced Kr2+.
  • To measure the time delay between ionization and fragmentation of Kr2+.
  • To elucidate the mechanism behind the observed delayed fragmentation.

Main Methods:

  • Single ionization of Kr2 using a femtosecond laser field.
  • Measurement of time-resolved kinetic energy release (KER) spectra of fragments and photoelectrons.
  • Analysis of KER distributions to determine fragmentation pathways and timescales.

Main Results:

  • Experimental observation of delayed fragmentation of Kr2+ on the microsecond timescale.
  • Identification of a long-lived Kr2+ state contributing to the delay.
  • Correlation of delayed fragmentation with radiative decay from the II(1/2u) to I(1/2g) state.

Conclusions:

  • The observed microsecond delay in Kr2+ fragmentation is attributed to radiative decay.
  • This finding highlights the importance of radiative processes in the dynamics of weakly bound molecular ions.
  • The study provides a detailed understanding of the fragmentation mechanism of Kr2+ following intense laser ionization.