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Microwave versus Radiofrequency Ablation in Treating Predominantly Solid Benign Thyroid Nodules: A Randomized
Sitong Chen1, Jianping Dou1, Yuancheng Cang1
1From the Department of Interventional Ultrasound, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 100 W Fourth Ring Rd, Beijing 100039, China (S.C., J.D., Y. Cang, J.Y., P.L.); Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, China (S.C., Y. Cang); Department of Ultrasound, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China (Y. Che); Department of Ultrasound, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China (G.D.); Department of Ultrasound, Lishui People's Hospital, Lishui, China (C.Z.); Department of Interventional Ultrasound, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China (D.X.); and Department of Statistics, Guilin Gooclin Technology, Guilin, China (Q.L.).
Microwave ablation (MWA) and radiofrequency ablation (RFA) are equally effective for treating benign thyroid nodules. While MWA showed comparable efficacy, further research is needed to confirm its safety compared to RFA.
Area of Science:
- Interventional Radiology
- Endocrinology
- Oncology
Background:
- Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is the recommended first-line treatment for benign thyroid nodules.
- Microwave ablation (MWA) is an emerging alternative therapy.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare the efficacy and safety of MWA versus RFA for treating predominantly solid benign thyroid nodules.
Main Methods:
- A prospective, randomized, open-label, multicenter study.
- 76 participants received MWA, and 76 received RFA for benign thyroid nodules.
- Follow-up was at least 2 years, assessing volume reduction rate, complications, and technique efficacy.
Main Results:
- MWA was noninferior to RFA in 6-month and 2-year volume reduction rates.
- No significant difference was found in volume reduction over time or technique efficacy (≥50% volume reduction).
- Voice change was the most common major complication, occurring in 6.6% of MWA patients and 1.3% of RFA patients (P=.21).
Conclusions:
- MWA and RFA demonstrate comparable efficacy in treating predominantly solid benign thyroid nodules.
- Larger studies are required to definitively establish comparable safety profiles between MWA and RFA.
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