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Spermatogenesis is the process by which haploid sperm cells are produced in the male testes. It starts with stem cells located close to the outer rim of seminiferous tubules. These spermatogonial stem cells divide asymmetrically to give rise to additional stem cells (meaning that these structures “self-renew”), as well as sperm progenitors, called spermatocytes. Importantly, this method of asymmetric mitotic division maintains a population of spermatogonial stem cells in the male...
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Sperm Collection of Differential Quality Using Density Gradient Centrifugation
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Benchmarks defining high-quality sperm in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus).

Niloofar Sadeghi1,2, Aaryn Mustoe2, Corinna N Ross2

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Summary

This study defines high-quality marmoset sperm characteristics and validates a swim-up method for selection. These standards will improve assisted reproduction and sperm sharing for research.

Keywords:
ARTcommon marmostnonhuman primatessperm parameterssperm selection

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Area of Science:

  • Primate reproductive biology
  • Nonhuman primate models in biomedical research

Background:

  • Common marmosets are valuable research models due to their small size and rapid reproduction.
  • Assisted reproductive techniques (ART) are crucial for maximizing the utility of captive marmosets, including genetically modified individuals.
  • Standardized methods for sperm manipulation, storage, and sharing are needed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify characteristics of high-quality marmoset semen samples.
  • To validate a simple method for selecting high-quality sperm for assisted reproduction.

Main Methods:

  • Computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) was used to evaluate sperm quality in 44 marmoset samples.
  • The swim-up method was tested for its efficacy in selecting high-quality sperm.

Main Results:

  • High-quality semen samples were defined by specific thresholds for volume (≥ 30 µL), sperm count (≥ 10^7/ejaculate), total motility (≥ 35%), and normal morphology (≥ 5%).
  • Sperm selected using the swim-up method showed significantly improved progressive motility and normal morphology compared to unselected sperm.
  • Statistically supported reference values were established for evaluating marmoset semen quality.

Conclusions:

  • Robust reference values for marmoset semen analysis were established.
  • A validated swim-up method aids in selecting optimal sperm for assisted reproduction.
  • These standards will facilitate consistent practices for sharing marmoset sperm internationally for research and reproduction.