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Related Concept Videos

Opioid Analgesics: Synthetic and Semisynthetic Opioids01:15

Opioid Analgesics: Synthetic and Semisynthetic Opioids

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Synthetic and semisynthetic opioids are pivotal in pain management and tackling opioid addiction. Semisynthetic opioids, including morphinans (morphine derivatives), oxycodone, oxymorphone, hydrocodone, and hydromorphone, have improved pharmacokinetic profiles compared to morphine. Additionally, heroin and 6-MAM (6-Monoacetylmorphine) show better CNS penetration than morphine due to heightened lipid solubility. Hydromorphone, a potent opioid, undergoes hepatic metabolism to form the active...
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Opioid Analgesics: Morphine and Other Natural Cogeners01:20

Opioid Analgesics: Morphine and Other Natural Cogeners

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Opioids are a class of drugs that mimic endogenous opioid peptides and act on opioid receptors, and help in pain relief. These compounds are classified as natural, synthetic, or semi-synthetic. Natural opioids, like morphine, codeine, and thebaine, are derived from the opium poppy plant (Papaver somniferum or Papaver album) and are termed opiates. Synthetic opioids are artificial, while semi-synthetic opioids combine natural and synthetic compounds. Morphine, a prototypical opioid, possesses a...
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Analgesia and Pain Management01:25

Analgesia and Pain Management

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Pain is critical to various clinical pathologies, provoking an urgent need for effective management. Pain, whether acute or chronic, is a complex neurochemical process. Its alleviation depends on the type, with nonopioid analgesics effective for mild to moderate pain, such as musculoskeletal or inflammatory pain, while neuropathic pain responds best to anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, or serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. For severe acute or chronic pain, opioids may be...
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Drug Abuse and Addiction: Pharmacological Phenomena01:15

Drug Abuse and Addiction: Pharmacological Phenomena

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Drug dependence, abuse, and addiction are complex phenomena that can precipitate various abnormal states. Physical dependence refers to a state of pharmacological adaptation to a drug. This adaptation often results in tolerance—a reduced response to the drug after repeated administrations. When the drug use is abruptly stopped, withdrawal symptoms occur due to the body's need to readjust from the pharmacologically induced imbalance. However, tolerance and withdrawal symptoms do not...
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Factors Affecting Drug Response: Overview01:21

Factors Affecting Drug Response: Overview

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When it comes to infants and young children, they are typically administered smaller doses of medication in comparison to adults. This is primarily because their organ functions still need to fully develop, meaning their bodies are not as efficient at metabolizing or eliminating drugs. Additionally, their blood-brain barrier is more permeable than in adults. As a result, high concentrations of drugs can easily penetrate the central nervous system (CNS), potentially leading to neurological...
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Opioid Receptors: Overview01:22

Opioid Receptors: Overview

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Opioid receptors, including the mu (μ, MOR), delta (δ, DOR), and kappa (κ, KOR) types, belong to the rhodopsin family of G protein-coupled receptors. These receptors are located throughout the central and peripheral nervous systems and in non-neuronal tissues such as macrophages and astrocytes. Opioid receptor ligands can be categorized into agonists or antagonists. Highly selective agonists include [d-Ala2, MePhe4, Gly(ol)5]-enkephalin or DAMGO for MOR, [D-Pen2,...
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  1. Home
  3. Research Domains
  5. Biomedical And Clinical Sciences
  7. Oncology And Carcinogenesis
  9. Predictive And Prognostic Markers
  11. Risk Factors Of Overdose In Maternal Patients With Opioid Use Disorder: A Scoping Review.
  1. Home
  3. Research Domains
  5. Biomedical And Clinical Sciences
  7. Oncology And Carcinogenesis
  9. Predictive And Prognostic Markers
  11. Risk Factors Of Overdose In Maternal Patients With Opioid Use Disorder: A Scoping Review.

Related Experiment Video

Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale
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Risk factors of overdose in maternal patients with opioid use disorder: a scoping review.

Kelly A Campbell1, Anna L Wilson1, Marilyn Torres1

  • 1Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.

The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse
|October 22, 2024

View abstract on PubMed

Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Opioid use disorder in pregnant and postpartum patients increases overdose risk. Consistent medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) treatment and supportive policies are key to reducing mortality.

Keywords:
Opioid use disorderhealth disparitiesmedications for opioid use disorderpostpartum

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Investigating Drivers of Antireward in Addiction Behavior with Anatomically Specific Single-Cell Gene Expression Methods
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Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Addiction Medicine
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Opioid-related overdoses are a leading cause of death in pregnant and postpartum individuals.
  • Limited research exists on specific risk factors for overdose in this vulnerable population.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a scoping review identifying risk factors for opioid overdose in pregnant and postpartum patients with opioid use disorder (OUD).

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive search identified 1060 articles, with 8 meeting inclusion criteria.
  • The review analyzed data from 90,860 pregnant and postpartum patients with OUD, differentiating overdose cases.

Main Results:

  • Consistent use of medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) significantly reduced overdose risk.
pregnancy
  • Heightened risk periods include the first trimester and 7-12 months postpartum; pregnancy complications also increase risk.
  • Factors associated with increased overdose risk include homelessness, incarceration, younger age, public insurance, and inadequate prenatal care.

    • Conclusions:

    • Key strategies to reduce overdose risk include improving access to care through enhanced Medicaid reimbursement and non-punitive, non-stigmatized policies.
    • Addressing social determinants of health and ensuring consistent MOUD are critical for maternal safety.