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Introduction to the Human Microbiota01:22

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Microorganisms colonize various regions of the human body, including the mouth, nasal passages, throat, stomach, intestines, urogenital tract, and skin. The total number of microbial cells is estimated to range from 10¹³ to 10¹⁴—comparable to, or exceeding, the number of human somatic cells. This host–microbiome relationship has led to the conceptualization of humans as supraorganisms, wherein microbial communities perform vital roles in development, immunity, and disease...
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The Resident-intruder Paradigm: A Standardized Test for Aggression, Violence and Social Stress
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Aggression shapes the gut microbiome; a study in rats.

Anna Voulgari-Kokota1,2, Joana Falcao Salles1, Regien G Schoemaker1

  • 1Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.

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The gut microbiome influences aggression in male rats. Specific bacteria like Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae correlate with aggressive behaviors, suggesting the gut-brain axis impacts social challenges.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Microbiology
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • The gut-brain axis facilitates bidirectional communication between the gut microbiome and the brain.
  • Understanding the gut microbiome's role in behavior, particularly aggression, is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the interaction between the gut microbiome and aggressive behavior in male rats.
  • To determine if microbiome composition changes in response to social challenges and aggression.

Main Methods:

  • Male rats were housed to establish territoriality and underwent a Resident-Intruder (RI) test to assess aggression.
  • Fecal samples were collected before and after the RI test to analyze microbiome composition.
  • Bacterial taxa and functional predictions (e.g., betaine reductase) were correlated with aggression levels.

Main Results:

  • Pre-RI test abundances of Ruminococcaceae UCG-5 and cTPY-13 negatively correlated with aggression.
  • Post-RI test, Clostridium sensu stricto 1 and Bifidobacterium were associated with less aggressive rats.
  • Lachnospiraceae was linked to increased aggression and betaine reductase production, potentially via betaine.

Conclusions:

  • Gut bacterial communities are responsive to social challenges like territoriality.
  • Predisposing microbiome characteristics may predict coping strategies and aggression levels.
  • The gut microbiome plays a significant role in modulating aggressive behavior.