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Updated: Jun 9, 2025

Extraction of Extracellular Vesicles from Whole Tissue
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Extracellular vesicles from the dead: the final message.

Bo Shi1, Thanh Kha Phan1, Ivan K H Poon1

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Research Centre for Extracellular Vesicles, La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia.

Trends in Cell Biology
|October 22, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Dying cells release extracellular vesicles (EVs) called apoptotic-cell-derived EVs (ApoEVs) to communicate with neighbors. This review details the formation and functions of large (ApoBDs) and small (s-ApoEVs) ApoEVs in cell signaling and disease.

Keywords:
apoptosisapoptotic bodiesapoptotic-cell-derived extracellular vesiclescell clearancecell-free therapeutics

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Cell death triggers essential processes like tissue repair and inflammation.
  • Apoptotic cells release extracellular vesicles (EVs) for intercellular communication.
  • These EVs, termed apoptotic-cell-derived EVs (ApoEVs), carry biomolecules influencing cellular functions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the biogenesis and functional properties of ApoEVs.
  • To differentiate between large apoptotic bodies (ApoBDs) and small ApoEVs (s-ApoEVs).
  • To highlight the distinct mechanisms and functions of ApoBDs and s-ApoEVs.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on EV biogenesis and function.
  • Comparative analysis of large (ApoBDs) and small (s-ApoEVs) apoptotic-derived EVs.
  • Focus on cellular communication mechanisms in apoptosis.

Main Results:

  • ApoEVs are categorized by size into ApoBDs and s-ApoEVs.
  • Distinct biogenesis pathways exist for ApoBDs and s-ApoEVs.
  • ApoBDs and s-ApoEVs exhibit different functional roles in cellular processes.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding ApoEV subsets is crucial for cell clearance and signaling.
  • ApoEVs play significant roles in disease progression.
  • Further research into ApoEV biogenesis and function can inform therapeutic strategies.