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Semantic memory navigation in HIV: Conceptual associations and word selection patterns.

Carolina A Gattei^1,2,3, Franco J Ferrante^3,4,5, Bárbara Sampedro⁶

¹Escuela de Gobierno, Universidad Torcuato Di Tella, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

The Clinical Neuropsychologist

|October 23, 2024

Summary

People living with HIV (PLWH) show distinct semantic memory patterns, using alternative word-finding strategies. These differences in conceptual association and word selection persist regardless of other cognitive symptoms, aiding in understanding HIV-related cognitive deficits.

Keywords:

HIV HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders conceptual associations psycholinguistic properties semantic memory

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Psychology
Infectious Diseases

Background:

Mild neurocognitive impairment is a concern in individuals with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
Understanding semantic memory in people living with HIV (PLWH) is crucial for characterizing cognitive deficits.

Purpose of the Study:

To characterize semantic memory profiles in PLWH with mild neurocognitive impairment.
To explore conceptual association and word selection patterns in PLWH compared to controls.

Main Methods:

A semantic relatedness task was employed to assess word selection patterns.
Participants included 50 PLWH and 46 controls without HIV.
Correlations with working memory, cognitive flexibility, inhibitory control, and viral load were examined.

Main Results:

No significant difference in accuracy was observed between groups.
PLWH produced longer responses, used fewer hypernyms, more troponyms, more frequent words, and words with more phonological neighbors.
These semantic memory patterns were independent of cognitive status, working memory, cognitive flexibility, inhibitory control, and viral load.

Conclusions:

PLWH may utilize alternative word-finding strategies in semantic memory navigation.
These findings contribute to characterizing cognitive deficits associated with HIV.
The study may help identify novel biomarkers for HIV-related cognitive conditions.