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Related Concept Videos

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease II: Clinical Features and Management01:29

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease II: Clinical Features and Management

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Gastroesophageal reflux disease, or GERD, is a persistent medical condition that affects many individuals worldwide. Its clinical manifestations can vary greatly, making diagnosis and management challenging for healthcare professionals. The following is a comprehensive overview of the clinical manifestations, assessment, and management strategies for GERD.
Clinical Manifestations
GERD presents itself in a multitude of ways, with symptoms varying from person to person. The hallmark symptoms are...
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Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease I: Meaning and Pathophysiology01:29

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease I: Meaning and Pathophysiology

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Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) involves the recurrent backflow of the stomach or duodenal contents into the esophagus, leading to troublesome symptoms and potential esophageal mucosal damage. Although GERD is often referred to as a disease, it is more accurately described as a syndrome, as it encompasses a range of symptoms and complications rather than a singular pathological entity, impacting a large number of individuals as the most prevalent upper gastrointestinal problem. Roughly...
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Barrett Esophagus-I: Introduction01:21

Barrett Esophagus-I: Introduction

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Barrett's esophagus is a medical condition where the esophageal mucosa is significantly damaged by stomach acid or other digestive fluids, often due to long-term exposure associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). In GERD, a weakened or abnormally relaxed lower esophageal sphincter allows stomach acid to flow persistently into the esophagus.
This constant acid exposure transforms the esophagus's pink mucosal lining (stratified squamous epithelium) into a type of lining more...
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Barrett Esophagus-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management01:21

Barrett Esophagus-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management

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Individuals with Barrett's esophagus are often asymptomatic, but they may experience symptoms commonly associated with GERD, such as heartburn and acid regurgitation. Additional symptoms can include difficulty swallowing, chest pain, unintentional weight loss, blood in the stool (which may appear black, tarry, or bloody), and episodes of vomiting.
To diagnose Barrett's esophagus, healthcare providers often recommend an endoscopy for those showing symptoms of acid reflux. The procedure...
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Esophageal Strictures-I: Introduction01:30

Esophageal Strictures-I: Introduction

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Esophageal strictures involve abnormal narrowing or tightening of the esophagus. They vary in length and severity, ranging from mild constriction to complete obstruction, and are classified as benign (noncancerous) or malignant (cancerous).
Etiology
The primary cause of esophageal strictures is long-standing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), accounting for about 70 to 80% of adult cases. Chronic acid reflux can lead to injury and scarring of the esophageal lining, culminating in...
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Endoscopic Procedures I: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy01:29

Endoscopic Procedures I: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy

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An Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) is a diagnostic procedure in which an endoscopist uses a flexible, lighted endoscope to visualize the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The procedure includes visualizing the oropharynx, esophagus, stomach, and the first part of the small intestine, the duodenum.
During an EGD, the endoscope can be used to:
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 9, 2025

Simultaneous Laryngopharyngeal and Conventional Esophageal pH Monitoring
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Nomogram for predicting reflux esophagitis with routine metabolic parameters: a retrospective study.

Tao He1,2, Xiaoyu Sun1,2, Zhijun Duan1,2

  • 1The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.

Archives of Medical Science : AMS
|October 23, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Routine metabolic parameters like BMI and cholesterol are linked to reflux esophagitis (RE) prevalence and severity. A new nomogram accurately predicts RE risk using these factors.

Keywords:
gastro-esophageal reflux diseasemetabolic parametersnomogramreflux esophagitis

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Metabolic Medicine
  • Clinical Diagnostics

Background:

  • Reflux esophagitis (RE) affects a significant global population.
  • Identifying risk factors for RE prevalence and severity is crucial for effective management.
  • Routine metabolic parameters are increasingly recognized for their potential role in various health conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate associations between routine metabolic parameters and the prevalence and severity of reflux esophagitis (RE).
  • To develop and validate a user-friendly nomogram for predicting RE risk.
  • To identify independent risk factors and prognostic factors for RE.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy data from 10,881 individuals.
  • Univariate and multivariate logistic regression to identify risk factors for RE prevalence.
  • Ordinal logistic regression to determine prognostic factors for RE severity.
  • Construction and performance assessment of a prediction nomogram using ROC curves, calibration curves, DCA, and CIC analysis.

Main Results:

  • 43.8% of participants had confirmed RE.
  • Key risk factors identified include BMI, age, alcohol use, diabetes, *Helicobacter pylori*, blood pressure, glucose, lipid profiles (LDL-C, HDL-C, TG, TC), albumin, uric acid, fT3, and fT4.
  • The 17-factor nomogram demonstrated excellent predictive performance with an AUC of 0.921.
  • Hypertension, diabetes, and lipid profiles were linked to RE severity.

Conclusions:

  • Routine metabolic parameters are significantly associated with both RE prevalence and severity.
  • The developed nomogram offers a valuable tool for predicting RE prevalence.
  • Further clinical application of this nomogram can aid in early detection and management of RE.