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Updated: Jun 9, 2025

Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts
Published on: January 29, 2018
Association between air pollution and bone mineral density: a Mendelian randomization study
Rui Jiang1,2, Qi Qu2,3, Zhiyu Wang2,3
1Graduate School, Hubei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China.
Introduction:
The association of air pollution with bone mineral density (BMD) has attracted increasing attention. However, establishing a causal relationship remains uncertain.
Methods:
We conducted a Mendelian randomization (MR) study employing PM2.5, PM2.5-10, PM10, nitrogen dioxide, and nitrogen oxides as exposures and BMD as the outcome to explore the causality between air pollution and the occurrence of decreased BMD.
Results:
By employing the IVW method, we identified a negative causality between air pollution (PM2.5, PM10, and nitrogen oxides) and BMD.
Conclusions:
Our findings demonstrate that PM2.5, PM10 and nitrogen oxides exposure may contribute to decreased BMD.
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