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Case-control study on risk factors for in-hospital mortality in patients with severe COVID-19

Kemei Wu1,2, Lili Yin2, Jiangqin Han1,2

  • 1Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.

Frontiers in Public Health
|October 23, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Advanced age, respiratory insufficiency, and elevated white blood cell (WBC) and creatine kinase (CK) levels are key risk factors for mortality in severe COVID-19 patients. These factors, along with decreased arterial oxygen partial pressure (PAO2), predict in-hospital death risk.

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Critical Care Medicine
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) poses a significant threat to patient survival.
  • Identifying independent risk factors and predictors of severe outcomes is crucial for effective patient management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify independent risk factors associated with patient mortality in severe COVID-19.
  • To explore predictors that indicate the severity of COVID-19 cases.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective, observational, case-control study was conducted on adult patients with severe COVID-19.
  • Univariate and multifactorial logistic regression analyses were used to examine demographic, comorbidity, and laboratory parameters.

Main Results:

  • Deceased patients were older and had higher rates of respiratory insufficiency compared to survivors.
  • Elevated white blood cell (WBC) count and creatine kinase (CK) levels, and decreased arterial oxygen partial pressure (PAO2) were significantly associated with mortality.
  • Predictive values (AUC) for mortality were identified for age, respiratory insufficiency, highest WBC, highest CK, and first PAO2 values.

Conclusions:

  • Advanced age, respiratory insufficiency, elevated WBC and CK, and decreased PAO2 are significant risk factors for mortality in severe COVID-19.
  • Elevated WBC and CK levels demonstrate strong predictive value for in-hospital mortality risk.
Abstract

Keywords:
case–control studymortalityretrospective studiesrisk factorsrisk prediction modelssevere COVID-19

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